Quantum Computing – A Catalyst for Digital Economy

Quantum computing is a multifaceted field comprising of Computer Science, Physics and Mathematics that uses quantum mechanics to resolve the complex problems faster than classical computers. In 1980s, Richard Feynman and Yuri Manin came up with these quantum computers. Quantum computing has the potential to transfigure various industries and be a powerful source in rising the internet economy. This Quantum computers are with the main purpose to solve problems faster and more efficient than the classical computers.

Superposition and Entanglement

To understand the working method of quantum computers, one should be familiar with the operational method of classical computers. For instance, the complex operations held in quantum computers are the phenomena of quantum mechanics like superposition and entanglement. Superposition in quantum computers is the ability of quantum objects to exist in more than one state simultaneously. In classical computers, it uses bits (0 and 1) as a basic value in processing. But, in quantum computers, there is a new term called qubit. Qubit is the elemental unit of information for quantum computers. As the bit uses 0 and 1; Qubit uses 0,1 and superposition uses 0 and 1. Superposition in a simple manner is all possible probability of 0 and 1. Entanglement in quantum computers is a phenomenon in which any created quantum entities is never described without referencing others. This concept is difficult to conceptualize if the entities are far apart from each other. Quantum computers are helpful when the problem is not even solved by supercomputers. Some complex problems are not solved by super computers, at that time, these quantum computers will deal it.

Need for Quantum computing:

Supercomputers are large classical computers; they struggle to solve some complex problems. Classical computers fail, if there are a greater number of variables in a complicated failure state whereas supercomputers fail due to answering the problems with high degree of complexity. Quantum computers use a pioneer way of approach to solve these problems. It is stated that it uses the superposition creating

multidimensional space to link the data. This quantum computing system is always kept at a specific super- cooled liquid. This is because as there is low temperature, there will be less energy, so that, it minimizes the chance of qubits incorrectly flip in between the quantum states.

Applications

Quantum computing has the potentiality to gradually change the world by revolutionizing industries like finance, pharmaceuticals, AI and automotive in next several years. Many business platforms are already working with quantum computing. For example, IBM is currently working with Mercedes Benz, ExxonMobil, CERN, and Mitsubishi chemical to implement quantum computing in their products and services. Google has also played a major role in developing Quantum Computers by achieving six milestones. The important and the latest was Google achieved “Quantum Supremacy” which means, it can solve a complex problem in 200 seconds which can take 10,000 years to get solved by classical computers. It offers enormous potential for advances in the fields of artificial intelligences, cryptography and areas related to data processing.

Quantum Computing in India:

In India, quantum computing is yet to flourish in the future. The Government of India in its 2021 budget has allocated INR 8000 Crore towards the National Mission on quantum technologies and applications to spur the developments in quantum computing, cryptography, communications, and material science. Even some startups have also emerged and making inroads in this field.